もっと複雑2 日本に関するコメント(p20) JAPAN Japan is ranked 4th regionally and 14th out of all the economies in the TTCI, up eight places since the last assessment. This achievement is especially impressive against the backdrop of the 2011 tsunami and related nuclear disaster. Japan’s T&T sector resilience can be ascribed to its rich cultural resources (ranked 11th), with its 32 World Heritage cultural sites, the many international fairs and exhibitions hosted by the country, and its rich creative industries. (中略) In addition, Japan’s extremely customer oriented culture(1st) is an important strength for the T&T industry. ←ここJapan’s extremely customer oriented culture(1st) いわゆる、日本のおもてなし文化のことを言っているんでしょうね。なんと世界第1位だそうで、 これをサポートするデータがここに。 (p211) Affinity for Travel & Tourism Indicatorの12.04 INDICATOR SCORE RANK 12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism ...... 4.6 .......... 77 12.01 Tourism openness, % of GDP* ...................... 0.7 ..........137 12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors ... 6.2 ...........74 12.03 Extension of business trips recommended .......... 4.5 ..........125 12.04 Degree of customer orientation ................... 6.4 ............1 メキシコに関するコメント(p17) MEXICO The country’s cultural resources are also among the best in the world (21st), with 34 World Heritage cultural sites, several international fairs and exhibitions, and strong creative industries. (中略) Finally, despite a marginal improvement since last year, safety and security remains the main source of concern for the T&T sector, where Mexico still ranks a low 121st. ブラジルに関するコメント(p18) BRASIL Brazil is ranked 7th in the Americas and 51st overall, up one position since 2011. The country is ranked 1st out of all countries for its natural resources and 23rd for its cultural resources, with many World Heritage sites, a good proportion of protected land area, and the richest fauna in the world. This is buttressed by a focus on environmental sustainability (ranked 30th), an area that has been improving over recent years, although the protection of the country’s diverse fauna requires additional efforts. The safety and security environment and health and hygiene conditions have also improved slightly since the last assessment. (中略) Brazil also continues to suffer from a lack of price competitiveness (126th), with high and increasing ticket taxes and airport charges, as well as high and rising prices more generally. Further, the overall policy environment is not particularly conducive to the development of the sector (ranked 119th), with discouraging rules on FDI, much time required for starting a business, and somewhat restrictive commitments to opening up tourism services under GATS commitments. もちろんよい点も書いてますがブラジルとメキシコにたいしてコメント厳しいです。
もっと複雑3 ビザの取得しやすさについてもデータがあります。 日本とブラジル、なんと、ほとんど差がない。 日本は現在進行形でアジア諸国他に対して、 じゃんじゃんビザ免除しているから順位は上がっていることでしょう。 (p378) 1.04 Visa requirements Number of countries whose citizens are exempt from obtaining a visa [= 1.0], able to obtain one upon arrival [= 0.70], or obtain an electronic visa [= 0.50] out of all UN countries | 2012 or most recent 1 Haiti .......................................191.0 2 Ecuador .....................................184.0 3 Malaysia ....................................163.0 4 Nicaragua ..................................162.5 5 Singapore ..................................161.0 94 Brazil .....................................65.0 95 Tajikistan .................................64.2 96 Japan ......................................63.0 97 Bangladesh .................................62.0 97 Serbia .....................................62.0 99 Mexico .....................................60.5
もっと複雑4 その他に議論に上がっているあたりの関係をピックアップすると、 The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail (p210) JAPAN INDICATOR SCORE RANK 1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations ....... 4.9 ..... 36 1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership ................ 4.4 ......88 1.02 Property rights ................................ 5.8 ......15 1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ................ 4.6 ......66 1.04 Visa requirements, no. of countries* .......... 63.0 .....96 1.05 Openness bilateral ASAs (0–38)* ............... 23.6 ......10 1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ........ 5.1 ......22 1.07 No. of days to start a business* .............. 23 ........93 1.08 Cost to start a business, % GNI/capita* ........ 7.5 ......64 1.09 GATS commitment restrictiveness (0–100)* ....... 46.0 .....96 4th pillar: Health and hygiene ................. 6.3 ..... 16 4.01 Physician density/1,000 pop.* .................. 2.1 ......53 4.02 Access to improved sanitation, % pop.* ....... 100.0 .......1 4.03 Access to improved drinking water, % pop.* ... 100.0 .......1 4.04 Hospital beds/10,000 pop.* ................... 137.0 .......1 (p250) MEXICO INDICATOR SCORE RANK 1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations .......4.7 .... 54 1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership ............... 5.5 .. ..24 1.02 Property rights ............................... 4.2 .....69 1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ............... 5.0 ......36 1.04 Visa requirements, no. of countries* ...........60.5 ....99 1.05 Openness bilateral ASAs (0–38)* ................14.0 ....40 1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ........4.4 ...62 1.07 No. of days to start a business* ...............59......42 1.08 Cost to start a business, % GNI/capita* .......10.1 .....72 1.09 GATS commitment restrictiveness (0–100)* ..... 43.8 ......103 4th pillar: Health and hygiene .............. 4.7 ....... 72 4.01 Physician density/1,000 pop.* ................ 2.0 ........59 4.02 Access to improved sanitation, % pop.* ....... 85.0 ......77 4.03 Access to improved drinking water, % pop.* ... 96.0 ......63 4.04 Hospital beds/10,000 pop.* .................. 16.0 ......96